It is important to rather immunize the animals with proper vaccination as per schedule, than wait for the diseases to infect the animals. To create immunity, animals should be supplied with adequate amount of alkalis and vitamins. Benefits of Vaccination: • Providing vaccination as per schedule without waiting for the disease to infect the animals. • It takes two to three weeks for the basic immunity to develop, post- immunization by a vaccine, to counter the infection of a disease or epidemic. Providing immunization prior to any epidemic or disease helps in increase of this immunity. This ensures avoidance of further losses. The right age for vaccination: • Vaccination should be done for a six month old calf or older animals in order to control diphtheria and lame disease. • If the milch animal or the mother of the calf has not been previously immunized for foot and mouth disease; then every calf of six to seven weeks age and rest of the animals should be immunized. • If the deworming or immunization for diseases related to the stomach and intestine has not been done to the mother of the calf, then the calf must be vaccinated in the first week itself. If already immunized, then the calf must be vaccinated at the age of four to six weeks.