Buffalo Management: There are very few sweat glands on the skin of buffaloes, so they should be protected from harsh sunlight to keep their body temperature low. Cattle shed should be built at an elevated and well-ventilated place. There should be provision for proper drainage of water and excreta of cattle. There should be a slope in the shed for that. Generally, an area of 2.5 X 4 meters is sufficient for one buffalo. On the onset of monsoon, the buffaloes should be vaccinated against contagious diseases like Anthrax, Diphtheria, etc. Vaccination against Foot and Mouth disease should be done twice a year. Diet of buffaloes: Buffaloes can easily digest low quality fodder like bran, hay, chaff and absorb nutrients from it to convert them into milk. Buffaloes get essential proteins, minerals and other fibers from this fodder. Groundnut cake and cotton seed cake are more useful for the buffaloes. Feeding Barseem grass to the buffaloes along with wheat bran increases their digestive power. It also increases their capacity to digest the proteins and minerals in such type of fodder. If buffaloes are fed with Green lucerne or Barseem grass, it will fulfill the requirements for nutrients. Barseem grass increases milk production capacity of the buffaloes. The production capacity of buffaloes can be increased by using available feed and grains. For making feed at home, take approximately 30-40% grains like corn, jowar etc., any available cake 25-30%, pulses mash 30-35% and mix 2% mineral mixture and 1% salt to it. Feed 3 kg of this concentrate for body activities and additional 1 kg/2 liters of milk. Generally, for obtaining 7 liters milk with 8% fat content from a 450kg buffalo, if it is fed 7 kg chaff, 4 kg cotton seed cake, half kg jowar mash and 30 gm mineral mixture to fulfill its nutrient requirement, then the buffaloes give consistent milk production. If the nutrients are provided in the right amount, the buffaloes come in heat at the right time and there are no problems in reproduction. Reference- Sakal 26th Sept 17